Impairment Studies

Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Examination Characteristics of Cannabis Impairment (2016)

A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Acute Tolerance to Alcohol – the “Mellanby Effect” (2017)

An Evaluation of Pupil Size Standards Used by Police Officers for Detecting Drug Impairment (2004)

National Survey on Drug Use & Health (NSDUH) 2024 National Survey Link

Effects of Combining Alcohol & Cannabis on Driving, Breath Alcohol Level, Blood THC, Cognition, & Subjective Effects (2022)

Research Shows That Any Dose of Alcohol Combined With Cannabis Significantly Increases Levels of THC in the Blood (2015)

Effect of Smoked Cannabis on Vigilance & Accident Risk Using Simluated Driving in Occasional & Chronic Users & the Pharmacokinetic – Pharacodynamic Relationship (May 2019)

Controlled Cannabis Vaporizer Administration: Blood & Plasma Cannabinoids With & Without Alcohol (June 2015)

Cannabis Edibles: Blood & Oral Fluid Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics & Evaluation of Oral Fluid Screening Devices etc (March 2017)

An Evidence-Based Review of Acute & Long-Term Effects of Cannabis Use on Executive Cognitive Functions (March 2011)

The Neurology of Eye Movements (5th Ed.)